Kalaram Mandir Satyagraha ke baad Dr. Ambedkar ka sangharsh ek naye mod par aaya. Ab ladai dharmik jagahon tak seemit nahi thi, ab baat thi rajneetik hakon ki — vote dene ka adhikar, apne neta chunne ka adhikar, aur apne samudaay ke liye alag pehchaan ki maang. Yeh ek kadam tha jisse Bharat ke samajik dhanche mein gehra badlaav aa sakta tha.
1932 mein British sarkar ne “Communal Award” ka ghoshna ki. Iske tahat alag-alag samudaayon ko alag nirvachan kshetra dene ki yojna thi. Dalit samudaay ko bhi alag chunav kshetra milne wale the — jahan wo apne pratinidhi khud chunein. Dr. Ambedkar ne ise ek bade jeet ke roop mein dekha. Unka maanna tha ki jab tak samudaay ko apne neta chune ka hak nahi milega, tab tak asli swaraj sirf ek sapna rahega.
Lekin isi faisle ne Bharat ke sabse bade do netaon ko aamne-saamne laa diya. Mahatma Gandhi ne Communal Award ka virodh kiya, khaaskar is baat ka, ki achhooton ko alag nirvachan kshetra diya jaaye. Gandhi ji ka kehna tha ki yeh kadam Hindu samaj ko baant dega. Unhone iske virodh mein jail mein anshan shuru kar diya.
Desh bhar mein chinta ka mahaul ban gaya. Ek taraf Gandhi ji ki jaan ka sawal tha, doosri taraf Ambedkar ke sapne ka. Bahut log Ambedkar par dabav banane lage ki wo Communal Award ka virodh kar dein. Lekin Ambedkar apne drishtikon par dridh the. Unka kehna tha, “Jab tak humein apne neta chune ka hak nahi milega, hum kewal dusron ke dwara chune gaye pratinidhi rahenge, na ki apne samudaay ke sachche awaaz.”
Gandhi ji ka anshan gambhir hota gaya. Desh bhar mein prarthana sabhaayein hone lagi. Ant mein kai netaon ki madhyasthata mein Ambedkar aur Gandhi ke beech samvaad hua. 24 September 1932 ko Pune ke Yerwada Jail mein ek samjhauta hua — jo itihaas mein “Poona Pact” ke naam se jaana gaya.
Is samjhaute ke tahat, alag nirvachan kshetra ki jagah Daliton ko samany nirvachan mein hi kuch seaten surakshit di gayi. Matlab, vote sabhi log milkar denge, lekin kuch nishchit seaton par sirf Dalit pratyashi hi khade ho sakte hain. Gandhi ne apna anshan toda. Desh ne rahat ki saans li. Lekin Dr. Ambedkar ke liye yeh ek kathin samay tha.
Bahut se logon ne unpar aarop lagaya ki unhone samarpan kiya. Lekin unhone saf taur par kaha, “Maine Gandhi ki jaan bachane ke liye samjhauta kiya, apne vichaaron se nahi.” Unka maanna tha ki yeh samjhauta ek kadam peeche tha, lekin sangharsh ab aur spasht aur sangathit hoga.
Poona Pact ne Dalit netritva ke itihas mein ek gehra prabhav chhoda. Yeh dikhata tha ki Ambedkar kisi bhi daab mein aakar apne samudaay ka swabhimaan nahi chhodte. Unke liye samjhauta kabhi samarpan nahi tha — wo ek samayik chaal thi, lambi ladai ke liye.
Is samjhaute ke baad unhone aur adhik majbooti se kaam kiya — sangathan banaye, sammelan kiye, aur ek nayi disha mein apne samudaay ko tayar kiya. Poona Pact ek patthar tha — jis par naye Bharat ke samajik nyay ka ek aur adhyay likha gaya.
Agla padav tha — samaj ke liye ek aisa dharm chunein jo samta, nyay aur karuna ka pratinidhitva kare.